<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\nThe Essence of the Act
\n<\/strong>Sect. 1<\/strong> Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That all persons born in the United States and not subject to any foreign power, excluding Indians<\/span> not taxed, are hereby declared to be citizens of the United States;<\/b><\/p>\n\u2026and such citizens, of every race and color, without regard to any previous condition of slavery or involuntary servitude, <\/span><\/b>except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall have the same right, in every State and Territory in the United States, to make and enforce contracts, to sue, be parties, and give evidence, to inherit, purchase, lease, sell, hold, and convey real and personal property, and to full and equal benefit of all laws and proceedings for the security of person and property, as is enjoyed by white citizens<\/span>,<\/span> <\/b>and shall be subject to like punishment, pains, and penalties, and to none other, any law, statute, ordinance, regulation, or custom, to the contrary notwithstanding.<\/p>\nStern Warning To Government Officials
\nSec. 2\u00a0<\/strong> And be it further enacted, That any person who<\/b>, under color of any law,<\/span><\/i> statute, ordinance, regulation, or custom,<\/i> s<\/span>hall subject, or cause to be subjected, any inhabitant of any State or Territory to the deprivation of any right secured or<\/span><\/i><\/b><\/p>\nprotected <\/span>by this act<\/span><\/i><\/b>, or to different<\/i> punishment, pains, or penalties on account of such person<\/i> having at any time been held in a condition of slavery or involuntary servitude<\/span><\/span>,<\/span> <\/b>except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, or by reason of his color or race,<\/span><\/b> than is prescribed for the punishment of <\/i>white persons<\/span><\/span><\/b>, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor<\/b>, and, on conviction<\/span>, shall be punished by fine not exceeding one thousand dollars, or imprisonment not exceeding one year, or both, in the discretion of the court.<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>\nPower of The US District and Circuit Courts
\n<\/strong>Sec. 3<\/strong> And be it further enacted, That the district courts of the United States, within their respective districts, shall have, exclusively of the courts of the several States, cognizance of all crimes and offences committed against the provisions of this act, <\/b>and also, concurrently with the circuit courts of the United States, of all causes<\/i><\/b>, civil and criminal<\/i>, affecting persons who are denied<\/b> or cannot enforce in the courts or judicial tribunals of the State or locality where they may be any of the rights secured to them by the first section of this act<\/b>; and if any suit or prosecution, civil or criminal, has been or shall be commenced in any State court, against any such person<\/b>, for any cause whatsoever<\/b>, or against any officer, civil or military, or other person, for any arrest or imprisonment, trespasses, or wrongs done or committed by virtue or under color of authority derived from this act<\/b> or the act establishing a Bureau for the relief of Freedmen and Refugees<\/span><\/b>, and all acts amendatory thereof, or for refusing to do any act upon the ground that it would be inconsistent with this act<\/b>, such defendant shall have the right to remove such cause for trial to the proper district or circuit court in the manner prescribed by the “Act relating to habeas corpus and regulating judicial proceedings in certain cases,”<\/b> approved March three, eighteen hundred and sixty-three, and all act amendatory thereof.<\/p>\nThe jurisdiction in civil and criminal matters hereby conferred on the district and circuit courts of the United States shall be exercised and enforced in conformity with the laws of the United States, so far as such laws are suitable to carry the same into effect;<\/p>\n
\u2026but in all cases where such laws are not adapted to the object, or are deficient in the provisions necessary to furnish suitable remedies and punish offences against law, the common law, as modified and changed by the constitution and statutes of the State wherein the court having jurisdiction of the cause, civil or criminal, is held, so far as the same is not inconsistent with the Constitution and laws of the United States, shall be extended to and govern said courts in the trial and disposition of such cause, and, if of a criminal nature, in the infliction of punishment on the party found guilty.<\/span>
<\/b><\/p>\nThe Courts and Officers of the Act
\n<\/strong>Sec. 4 <\/strong>And be it further enacted, That the district attorneys, marshals<\/span>, and deputy marshals<\/span><\/b> of the United States, the commissioners appointed by the circuit and territorial courts<\/b> of the United States, with powers of arresting, imprisoning, or bailing offenders against the laws of the United States<\/span>, the officers and agents of the<\/span> Freedmens Bureau<\/span>, and every other officer<\/span> who may be specially empowered<\/i> by the President of the United States, <\/span><\/b>shall be, and they are hereby, specially authorized and required<\/i><\/b>, at the expense of the United States,<\/span> to institute proceedings against all and every person who shall violate the provisions of <\/span>this act<\/span>,<\/span> and cause him or them to be arrested and imprisoned, or bailed<\/span><\/i><\/b>, as the case may be, for trial before such court<\/i><\/b> of the United States or territorial court<\/i><\/b> as by this act has cognizance of the offence<\/b>.<\/p>\nAnd with a view to affording <\/span>reasonable protection<\/span> to all persons in their constitutional rights of <\/span>equality before the law<\/span>, without distinction of race or color, or previous condition of slavery or involuntary servitude<\/i>, except as a punishment for crime,<\/span><\/b> whereof the party shall have been duly convicted<\/b>, and to the prompt discharge of the duties of this act,<\/b> it shall be the duty of the circuit courts of the United States and the superior courts of the Territories of the United States,<\/span> from time to time, to increase the number of commissioners, so as to afford a speedy and convenient means for the arrest and examination of persons charged with a violation of <\/span>this act<\/span>;<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n\u2026and such commissioners are hereby authorized and required to exercise and discharge all the powers and duties conferred on them by this act,<\/b><\/p>\n
\u2026and the same duties with regard to offences created by this act<\/b>, as they are authorized by law to exercise with regard to other offences against the laws of the United States<\/b>.<\/p>\n
\n
Military Enforcement of the Act<\/strong>
\nSec. 5<\/strong>\u00a0 And be it further enacted, That it shall be the duty of all marshals and deputy marshals to obey and execute all warrants and precepts issued under the provisions of this act<\/span>,<\/span> when to them directed;<\/p>\n\u2026and should any marshal or deputy marshal refuse to receive such warrant or other process when tendered, or to sue all proper means diligently to execute the same, he shall, on conviction thereof, be fined in the sum of one thousand dollars, to the use of the person upon whom the accused is alleged to have committed the offence.<\/b><\/p>\n
And the better to enable the said commissioners to execute their duties faithfully and efficiently, in conformity with the Constitution of the United States and the requirements of this act, <\/span>they are hereby authorized and empowered, within their counties respectively, to appoint, in writing, under their hands, any one or more suitable persons, from time to time, to execute all such warrants and other process as may be issued by them in the lawful performance of their respective duties<\/span>;<\/p>\n\u2026and the persons so appointed to execute any warrant or process as aforesaid<\/b> shall have authority to summon and call to their aid the bystanders or posse comitatus of the proper county, or such portion of the land or naval forces<\/span> of the United States, or of the militia, as may be necessary to the performance of the duty with which they are charged,<\/span> and to insure a faithful observance of the clause of the Constitution which prohibits slavery, in conformity with the provisions of this act;<\/b><\/span> and said warrants shall run and be executed by said officers anywhere in the State or Territory within which they are issued.<\/p>\nApprehension of Rebel Assistants<\/strong>
\n Sec. 6 \u00a0<\/strong>And be it further enacted, That any person who shall knowingly and wilfully <\/span>obstruct, hinder, or prevent<\/span> any officer, or other person charged with the execution of any warrant or process issued under the provisions<\/span> <\/span>of this act,<\/b><\/p>\n\u2026or any person or persons lawfully assisting him or them, from arresting any person for whose apprehension such warrant or process may have been issued, or shall rescue or attempt to rescue such person from the custody of the officer<\/b>, other person or persons, or those lawfully assisting as aforesaid<\/span>, when so arrested pursuant to the authority herein given and declared, or shall aid, abet, or assist any person so arrested as aforesaid, directly or indirectly, to escape from the custody of the officer or other person legally authorized as aforesaid, or shall harbor or conceal any person for whose arrest a warrant or process shall have been issued as aforesaid<\/span>,<\/i><\/p>\n\u2026so as to prevent his discovery and arrest after notice or knowledge of the fact that a warrant has been issued<\/span> for the apprehension of such personal, <\/span>shall, for either of said offences, be subject to a fine not exceeding one thousand dollars, and imprisonment not exceeding six months, <\/b>by indictment and conviction before the district court of the United States<\/span> for the district in which said offence may have been committed, or before the proper court of criminal jurisdiction<\/span>, if committed within any one of the organized Territories of the United States.<\/p>\nFinancial Compensation For Officers and Courts of the Act<\/strong>
\n Sec. 7 \u00a0<\/strong>And be it further enacted, That the district attorneys, the marshals, their deputies, and the clerks<\/span><\/span> of the said district and territorial courts<\/span> shall be paid for their services the like fees as may be allowed to them for similar services in other cases; and in all cases where the proceedings are before a commissioner<\/span>, he shall be entitled to a fee of ten dollars in full for his services in each case, inclusive of all services incident to such arrest and examination. <\/span><\/p>\nThe person or persons authorized to execute the process to be issued by such commissioners for the arrest of offenders against the provisions of this act<\/span> <\/b>shall be entitled to a fee of five dollars for each person he or they may arrest and take before any such commissioner as aforesaid, <\/b>with such other fees as may be deemed reasonable by such commissioner for such other additional services as may be necessarily performed by him or them,<\/p>\n\u2026such as attending at the examination, keeping the prisoner in custody<\/span>, <\/b>and providing him with food and lodging during his detention, and until the final determination of such commissioner,<\/b> and in general for performing such other duties as may be required in the premises;<\/p>\n\u2026such fees to be made up in conformity with the fees usually charged by the officers of the courts of justice<\/span> within the proper district or county, as near as may be practicable, and paid out of the Treasury of the United States<\/b> on the certificate of the judge of the district within which the arrest is made<\/span>, and to be recoverable from the defendant as part of the judgment in case of conviction<\/span><\/b>.<\/span><\/p>\nThe Special Powers of the President<\/strong>
\nSec. 8<\/strong> And be it further enacted, That whenever the <\/b><\/span>President of the United States<\/span><\/b> shall have reason to believe<\/i> that <\/span>offences have been or are likely<\/span> to be committed against the provisions <\/span>of this act<\/span><\/b> within any judicial district, it shall be lawful<\/i> for him, in his discretion<\/i>, to direct<\/b> the judge, marshal, and district attorney<\/b> of such district to attend at such place within the district, and for such time as he may designate, for the purpose of <\/span>the more speedy<\/span><\/i> arrest and trial of persons charged with a violation of <\/span>this act<\/span><\/b><\/span>;<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n\u2026and it shall be the duty of every judge or other officer, when any such requisition shall be received by him, to attend at the place and for the time therein designated.<\/p>\n
Powers of the President, Commander In Chief<\/strong>
\n Sec. 9<\/strong> And be it further enacted, That it shall be lawful<\/i><\/b> for the President of the United States<\/b><\/span>, or such person as he may empower for that purpose<\/span><\/i><\/b>, to employ such part of the land<\/span><\/b> or naval forces<\/b> of the United States, or of the militia,<\/b> as shall be necessary<\/span><\/i> to prevent the violation<\/span> and enforce the due execution of<\/span> <\/b><\/span>this act.<\/span>
<\/span><\/b><\/p>\nThe Power of the Supreme Court<\/span>
\n<\/span>Sec. 10<\/strong>\u00a0 And be it further enacted, That upon all questions of law arising in any <\/b>cause under the provisions of this act a final appeal may be taken to the Supreme Court of the <\/span><\/b>United States<\/span><\/b>.<\/span><\/b><\/p>\nSCHUYLER COLFAX,
\n<\/span>Speaker of the House of Representatives.<\/p>\nLA FAYETTE S. FOSTER,
\n<\/b>President of the Senate, pro tempore.<\/p>\n
In the Senate of the United States, April 6, 1866 The Significant Fight For Blacks National Birth Right and Identity<\/b><\/p>\n
The President of the United States having returned to the Senate, in which it originated, the bill entitled “An act to protect all persons in the United States in their civil rights, and furnish the means of their vindication,”<\/span><\/b>with his objections thereto, the Senate proceeded, in pursuance of the Constitution<\/b>, to reconsider the same; and,<\/p>\nResolved, That the said bill do pass, two-thirds of the Senate agreeing to pass the same.<\/p>\n
Attest: J.W. Forney<\/b>,
\nSecretary of the Senate
\nIn the House of Representatives U.S. April 9th, 1866.<\/p>\n
The House of Representatives having proceeded, in pursuance of the Constitution, to reconsider the bill entitled “An act to protect all persons in the United States in their civil rights, and furnish the means of their vindication,”<\/b> returned to the Senate by the President of the United States, with his objections<\/i>, and sent by the Senate to the House of Representatives, with the message of the President returning the bill:
\n\u00a0<\/span>
\nResolved, That the bill do pass, two-thirds of the House of Representatives agreeing to pass the same.
\n<\/span>
\nAttest: Edward McPherson, Clerk,
\nby Clinton Lloyd, Chief Clerk.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Civil Rights Act of 1866 (Long Version: Italics, bold, underline, increase in font size emphasis \u2013 mine) Act of April 9,1866 -Ratified, July 20,1866 The “Rossetta Stone” National Birth and Identity Rights of American Black US citizens, i.e., Descendants of Chattel Slaves & Jim Crow Survivors See Civil Rights Act of 1866: UNEDITED An Act […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/justiceville.us\/thechnc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/304"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/justiceville.us\/thechnc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/justiceville.us\/thechnc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/justiceville.us\/thechnc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/justiceville.us\/thechnc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=304"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/justiceville.us\/thechnc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/304\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1170,"href":"https:\/\/justiceville.us\/thechnc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/304\/revisions\/1170"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/justiceville.us\/thechnc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=304"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/justiceville.us\/thechnc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=304"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/justiceville.us\/thechnc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=304"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}